Table 2: Outcomes and Indicators

A SUPPORT GROUP ALTERNATIVE FOR RURAL AND ISOLATED WOMEN
Rural and isolated women with breast cancer who received the One in Eight
workbook-journal reported greater reductions in depression symptoms than did
women who received typical care. Finding alternatives to face-to-face support groups
is important for women who are geographically isolated. This research and
intervention have widespread applicability to other women isolated by other
situations or conditions, or who do not choose to attend support groups.
BREAST CANCER RISK FACTORS: LESBIAN AND HETEROSEXUAL WOMEN
The outcomes of previous research suggested that lesbians might face a risk for breast
cancer two to three times higher than that of heterosexual women. In the CRC
funded research, it was determined that lesbians indeed had a significantly higher
lifetime risk for developing breast cancer (11.1%) when compared to their
heterosexual sisters (10.4%). Accurate risk assessment of communities adds valuable
information for outreach efforts both within and outside the community of interest
and will encourage service providers, public policy makers, and funders to focus
efforts on this population.
BREAST HEALTH PROJECT FOR HMONG WOMEN AND MEN
Breast cancer is the leading cancer death in Asian American and Pacific Islander
women, yet these women have the lowest screening rates of all ethnic populations. A
breast health education program was implemented to increase mammography rates
among Hmong women. Hmong women are at greater risk for health problems due
to language and cultural barriers, low education and poverty. The number of women
who had heard of mammograms and obtained them during the study period nearly
doubled after the health education program.
DO COMMUNITY CANCER SUPPORT GROUPS REDUCE PHYSIOLOGIC STRESS?
Previous research established that professionally-led support groups in a university
setting benefited women with breast cancer. This study found that community
support groups are just as effective. Women participating in community support
groups saw changes in depression symptoms, trauma symptoms, social support, selfefficacy,
and post-traumatic-growth, at about the same level over four months, as
women in groups set in a university.
INCREASING BREAST HEALTH ACCESS FOR WOMEN WITH DISABILITIES

Regardless of how disability is defined (activities of daily living, instrumental
activities of daily living, functional limitations, or having a mobility problem), the
odds of a disabled woman being up-to-date with her mammograms decrease with the
number of physical limitations she has. Findings from this research will reduce the
human and economic impact of breast cancer for women with disabilities by filling
an information void and by informing further research, policy initiatives, and the
development of breast screening and education programs for women with
disabilities.
MARIN COUNTY BREAST CANCER STUDY OF ADOLESCENT RISK FACTORS
Marin County has a high rate of breast cancer. This research project found that
Marin women who drank at least two alcoholic drinks per day were more than twice
as likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer as those who drank less. This research
suggests that some risks even in this high risk population may be modifiable and that
collaborative studies conducted in high breast cancer rate communities can provide
insight into the causes of the disease.
SAMOANS AND BREAST CANCER: EVALUATING A THEORY-BASED PROGRAM
Samoan women were more likely to have ever had a mammogram if they had:
positive group norms for obtaining a mammogram, health insurance, a belief that
mammograms detect breast cancer, fewer misconceptions about the causes of breast
cancer, fewer culture-specific beliefs about the causes of breast cancer, and higher
self-efficacy. These findings could enhance breast cancer awareness, increase
screening and early detection rates, and, over time, potentially lower the rates of
illness and death from breast cancer in this marginalized community.

Note: Team codes A-G, used in Figure 1, were randomly assigned and do not necessarily correspond with the order of the list above.